Indigenous California

Which set includes traditional activities used by Indigenous Californians?

• Only factory work and rail transport
• Only deep-sea whaling
• Only gold mining and banking
• Fishing, hunting, gathering, trade, controlled burning, and plant management

What caused severe population losses among Indigenous Californians after colonization?

• Improved health care only
• Disease, violence, coercion, and displacement
• Voluntary migration to Europe only
• A lack of contact with outsiders

What do Native nations and communities in California continue to protect today?

• Only Spanish mission property
• Sovereignty, languages, traditions, and cultural sites
• Only federal highways
• Only Gold Rush mining claims

How did the Gold Rush affect many Native communities?

• It ended outside migration.
• It intensified dispossession and violence.
• It had no social impact.
• It restored all Native lands.

Why were Indigenous societies in California diverse?

• They all lived in one city.
• They arrived only after the Gold Rush.
• They had one identical economy everywhere.
• They adapted to many different environments across the state.

Which was one major effect of the Spanish mission system on Indigenous communities?

• It ended all farming in Europe.
• It created U.S. statehood immediately.
• Disease, forced labor, and colonial control changed Native life.
• It had no effect on Native communities.

Who lived throughout California long before European colonization?

• Only Spanish settlers
• Only gold miners
• Indigenous peoples
• Only railroad workers

How should early Indigenous California be described?

• It had no permanent communities.
• It was uninhabited before Europeans arrived.
• It included hundreds of communities with distinct languages and traditions.
• It had one single culture and language.