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Geography

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Why can freshwater releases upstream change conditions in Florida estuaries?

  • Estuaries receive only rain directly
  • They alter salinity and the freshwater-saltwater balance
  • Freshwater cannot mix with seawater
  • Salinity depends only on the age of a port
Correct answer(s):
  • They alter salinity and the freshwater-saltwater balance

What explains why two maps assign different lengths to Florida’s coastline?

  • Only changes in population density
  • Different spatial resolution and treatment of inlets and island shores
  • One map measured climate instead of shorelines
  • Florida’s coastline has a single resolution-independent measurement
Correct answer(s):
  • Different spatial resolution and treatment of inlets and island shores

What combination may intensify coastal aquifer saltwater intrusion in Florida?

  • Sea-level rise and reduced freshwater hydraulic head
  • Elimination of all groundwater gradients
  • Higher mountain snowpack in Florida
  • Lower sea levels and increased freshwater recharge alone
Correct answer(s):
  • Sea-level rise and reduced freshwater hydraulic head

Why can Floridan aquifer policy require regional coordination beyond state borders?

  • Groundwater never crosses political borders
  • It supplies only Tallahassee city hall
  • The aquifer system extends into other southeastern states
  • Aquifer limits exactly match county maps
Correct answer(s):
  • The aquifer system extends into other southeastern states

How should sinkhole susceptibility be assessed in Florida?

  • Use only distance to Orlando’s theme parks
  • Assign identical hazard to every Florida property
  • With site-specific geology, groundwater and subsurface conditions
  • Infer risk solely from state GDP
Correct answer(s):
  • With site-specific geology, groundwater and subsurface conditions

Why should coastal erosion models differ across Florida settings?

  • Every coastline has identical sediments and waves
  • Barrier islands and mangrove estuaries have different structures and processes
  • A single seawall design works everywhere
  • Only inland rivers experience erosion
Correct answer(s):
  • Barrier islands and mangrove estuaries have different structures and processes

Which hurricane risk model distinguishes relevant physical pathways?

  • Separate wind, rainfall flooding and storm-surge exposures
  • Use one undifferentiated hazard score for all mechanisms
  • Treat storm surge as another name for wind speed
  • Exclude inland flood hazards
Correct answer(s):
  • Separate wind, rainfall flooding and storm-surge exposures

What spatial unit best captures the connected Everglades water system?

  • The watershed basin across jurisdictions
  • Only Miami city limits
  • Only the Everglades National Park fence
  • Only one drainage canal
Correct answer(s):
  • The watershed basin across jurisdictions

Which variables matter in assessing the success of Everglades water restoration?

  • Only annual rainfall total
  • Where, when and how much water moves, plus water quality
  • Only the number of visitors to a park
  • Only the count of road intersections
Correct answer(s):
  • Where, when and how much water moves, plus water quality

How can Florida canals affect wetlands even if annual rainfall stays constant?

  • They eliminate the need for groundwater
  • They always increase rainfall over every basin
  • They can redirect flows and interrupt hydrologic connections
  • They permanently stop evaporation worldwide
Correct answer(s):
  • They can redirect flows and interrupt hydrologic connections

Why can changes in the Kissimmee basin affect South Florida wetlands?

  • Lake Okeechobee has no hydrologic connections
  • All watersheds stop at county boundaries
  • The Kissimmee system drains only to Alaska
  • Water pathways connect the basin, Lake Okeechobee and downstream Everglades
Correct answer(s):
  • Water pathways connect the basin, Lake Okeechobee and downstream Everglades