Silicon Valley

Which institutions form key parts of California’s innovation system?

• Only national parks
• Only local courts
• Only agricultural cooperatives
• Universities, private firms, venture capital, skilled migrants, and research institutions

How can university research contribute to regional economic growth?

• Research can be commercialized through patents, licensing, startups, and partnerships.
• Universities cannot influence firms.
• Commercialization reduces knowledge creation to zero.
• Research must remain economically isolated.

Why can a mature technology cluster attract additional firms?

• It already contains workers, investors, suppliers, and sector-specific knowledge.
• New firms prefer places with no relevant skills.
• Mature clusters have no labor markets.
• Technology firms avoid knowledge networks.