Metropolitan Boundaries

Which choice is correct when reviewing New York’s Metropolitan Boundaries?

• Albany’s political centrality despite modest population illustrates that administrative importance and urban population rank are distinct dimensions of city hierarchy.
• Yonkers’ close integration with the New York metropolitan area while remaining a separate municipality illustrates the difference between functional metropolitan regions and legal city boundaries.
• The difference between the 2020 decennial count and the April 2020 Vintage 2025 estimates base illustrates post-enumeration statistical adjustment and series construction.
• Real GDP uses chained-dollar methods to estimate changes in production while reducing the effect of price changes.