If an increase in the price of good X leads to a decrease in the consumption of good Y, then goods X and Y are called

  • Complements

If an increase in the price of good X leads to an increase in the consumption of good Y, then goods X and Y are called

  • Substitutes

If the slope of the indifference curve is steeper than the slope of the budget line, and X is on the horizontal axis

  • The consumer is willing to give up more of good Y to get an additional unit of good X than is necessary under the current market prices

Some individuals choose to undertake risky prospects while others choose safer ones, because they have different

  • Marginal rates of substitution between risk and reward

The marginal rate of substitution (MRS) determines the rate at which a consumer is willing to substitute between two goods in order to achieve

  • The same level of satisfaction