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U.S. Economy

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Quizzes in U.S. Economy for Graduate

Why can Denver’s diversified metropolitan economy improve resilience?

  • Diversification guarantees no recessions
  • Only one employer exists
  • Every sector moves identically
  • A shock to one sector may be partly offset by activity in others
Correct answer(s):
  • A shock to one sector may be partly offset by activity in others

Why can statewide averages hide spatial inequality in Colorado?

  • Every county has identical income and services
  • Spatial location does not matter
  • Only Denver has residents
  • Prosperous metro or resort areas can coexist with communities facing weaker labor markets or service access
Correct answer(s):
  • Prosperous metro or resort areas can coexist with communities facing weaker labor markets or service access

Why is high Colorado GDP per capita not proof that every resident is wealthy?

  • It measures bank balances directly
  • GDP per capita is a legal minimum wage
  • Output per person is not the same as personal income or wealth distribution
  • It gives every resident an equal payment
Correct answer(s):
  • Output per person is not the same as personal income or wealth distribution

Which important values are generally outside state GDP accounting?

  • Market production
  • Paid professional services
  • Manufactured goods
  • Unpaid work, ecological services, cultural heritage, and distributional outcomes
Correct answer(s):
  • Unpaid work, ecological services, cultural heritage, and distributional outcomes

Which GDP measure is usually more appropriate for a long-term study of Colorado’s production growth?

  • Real GDP
  • Total land area
  • Current-dollar GDP without adjustment
  • Population rank
Correct answer(s):
  • Real GDP

Why should researchers distinguish a Colorado industry’s GDP share from its employment share?

  • GDP share and employment share are always identical
  • Employment has no relation to industry analysis
  • Every sector pays the same wage
  • An industry can produce high value with relatively few workers or employ many workers with lower value added
Correct answer(s):
  • An industry can produce high value with relatively few workers or employ many workers with lower value added

What strengthens network effects in Colorado’s aerospace cluster?

  • Connections among agencies, military commands, firms, universities, laboratories, and suppliers
  • Isolation of every firm
  • No government presence
  • Absence of skilled workers
Correct answer(s):
  • Connections among agencies, military commands, firms, universities, laboratories, and suppliers

What economic risk can come with a strong federal and defense presence in a Colorado region?

  • No connection to public policy
  • Exposure to federal budget and procurement changes
  • Guaranteed spending growth forever
  • Dependence on ocean tides
Correct answer(s):
  • Exposure to federal budget and procurement changes

What is a likely source of agglomeration economies in the Denver-Boulder-Fort Collins corridor?

  • Geographic isolation
  • No transport links
  • Dense labor markets, research institutions, infrastructure, and knowledge spillovers
  • Absence of universities
Correct answer(s):
  • Dense labor markets, research institutions, infrastructure, and knowledge spillovers

What does a core-periphery tension imply for Colorado?

  • Spatial location has no economic effect
  • Remote areas always outgrow Denver
  • Every region grows identically
  • High-skill growth may concentrate in metro areas while remote regions face different access and infrastructure constraints
Correct answer(s):
  • High-skill growth may concentrate in metro areas while remote regions face different access and infrastructure constraints

How does path dependence help explain modern Colorado?

  • Modern cities were located randomly
  • Historic mining and railroad patterns influenced later settlement and transport networks
  • Past infrastructure has no effect on present geography
  • Mining erased all later development
Correct answer(s):
  • Historic mining and railroad patterns influenced later settlement and transport networks

What does Colorado’s shift from extractive mining districts toward tourism and knowledge industries illustrate?

  • Economic autarky
  • Path transition and economic diversification
  • Complete de-urbanization
  • Permanent sector lock-in
Correct answer(s):
  • Path transition and economic diversification

Why can Colorado be contrasted with a classic resource-dependent regional economy?

  • It produces no natural resources
  • It has no service sector
  • It relies only on one mineral
  • Its economy has diversified well beyond extractive industries
Correct answer(s):
  • Its economy has diversified well beyond extractive industries

What is a possible rural cost of transferring agricultural water to growing cities?

  • More ocean fisheries
  • Elimination of urban demand
  • Automatic increase in farm water
  • Reduced irrigated acreage and weaker farm-linked local economies
Correct answer(s):
  • Reduced irrigated acreage and weaker farm-linked local economies

Why does conventional GDP understate some value produced by Colorado’s landscapes?

  • GDP counts only mountains
  • Landscapes have no economic value
  • Ecosystem services and nonmarket benefits are only partly captured
  • GDP already measures every cultural and ecological value exactly
Correct answer(s):
  • Ecosystem services and nonmarket benefits are only partly captured

What is a common economic risk of heavy tourism dependence in a Colorado mountain community?

  • No housing demand
  • Seasonality, housing pressure, labor shortages, and demand shocks
  • Guaranteed stable wages all year
  • No environmental pressure
Correct answer(s):
  • Seasonality, housing pressure, labor shortages, and demand shocks

Why can housing become especially expensive in some Colorado resort and metro areas?

  • Land and construction have no limits
  • Demand from population, jobs, and tourism can outpace housing supply
  • Housing demand disappears when jobs grow
  • Tourism always lowers rents
Correct answer(s):
  • Demand from population, jobs, and tourism can outpace housing supply

Why might statewide economic growth fail to describe the experience of all Colorado workers?

  • GDP directly sets every salary
  • All workers earn identical wages
  • High-wage knowledge jobs and lower-wage service jobs can grow at the same time
  • Industries have identical productivity
Correct answer(s):
  • High-wage knowledge jobs and lower-wage service jobs can grow at the same time

Which framework best describes Colorado as a state with a dominant Front Range core and specialized peripheral regions?

  • Single-industry island model
  • Pure autarky model
  • No-spatial-difference model
  • Core-periphery regional model
Correct answer(s):
  • Core-periphery regional model

How do research universities contribute to California’s regional economies?

  • By preventing labor mobility
  • Through human capital formation and knowledge production.
  • Only through property taxes
  • Only through athletics
Correct answer(s):
  • Through human capital formation and knowledge production.