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Which city grew rapidly as a port and commercial center during the Gold Rush?
- San Francisco
What happened to California’s non-Indigenous population during the Gold Rush?
- It increased rapidly.
Which activities were important in Mexican California’s rancho economy?
- Cattle ranching and the hide-and-tallow trade
What happened to many mission lands during Mexican secularization?
- Control shifted away from the mission system.
Which was one major effect of the Spanish mission system on Indigenous communities?
- Disease, forced labor, and colonial control changed Native life.
Which combination supplies water to California agriculture?
- Reservoirs, rivers, canals, groundwater, and snowmelt
Why is water availability a major concern for California farming?
- Agriculture depends heavily on reliable water supplies.
Which later industries became important in Silicon Valley?
- Software, internet businesses, cloud computing, and artificial intelligence
Which industries first made Silicon Valley widely known?
- Electronics and semiconductors
Where did Silicon Valley develop?
- Southern San Francisco Bay Area
Where did California’s major entertainment industry cluster develop?
- Los Angeles region
How do California’s Pacific ports affect the wider United States?
- They connect U.S. markets with international trade routes.
Why are California’s fertile valleys important to the state economy?
- They support large-scale agricultural production.
San Diego is part of an important cross-border urban region with which city?
- Tijuana
What makes the San Francisco Bay Area different from a region built around only one major city?
- It contains several major cities.
Which region has California’s largest concentration of people?
- Los Angeles region
How do California’s mountain and desert areas compare with major coastal metros in population density?
- They are generally more sparsely populated.
Where is much of California’s population concentrated?
- Major metropolitan regions
Which factors can increase wildfire risk in California?
- Dry vegetation, heat, wind, and drought
Why does California have significant earthquake risk?
- It lies near a boundary between major tectonic plates.
