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Why does drought-prone California still need flood management?
Correct answer(s):
- Precipitation varies greatly, and intense wet periods can still cause flooding.
Why is drought considered a slow-onset hazard?
Correct answer(s):
- Its effects build gradually across water, agriculture, ecosystems, and energy.
What determines the size of wildfire losses besides fire intensity?
Correct answer(s):
- The amount and type of development exposed to fire.
When does earthquake hazard become major economic risk?
Correct answer(s):
- When active faults intersect dense populations and valuable infrastructure.
Why does latitude alone not explain California’s climate diversity?
Correct answer(s):
- Elevation and ocean influence interact with north-south position.
How do rain shadows contribute to California deserts?
Correct answer(s):
- Air loses moisture on windward slopes, leaving drier conditions leeward.
Why is the Sierra Nevada central to California hydrology?
Correct answer(s):
- It stores significant winter precipitation as high-elevation snow.
What type of landform is the Central Valley in broad geologic terms?
Correct answer(s):
- A sediment-filled structural basin
Which processes help explain California’s varied landforms?
Correct answer(s):
- Tectonics, mountain building, erosion, deposition, and desert processes
How can drought influence California farm decisions?
Correct answer(s):
- Through water prices, groundwater pumping, acreage changes, and crop selection
What economic concept describes competition among urban, agricultural, and environmental uses of scarce California water?
Correct answer(s):
- Opportunity cost
Why does high-value specialty-crop production increase the importance of reliable irrigation?
Correct answer(s):
- Crop losses can impose large economic costs per acre.
Which framework best explains California’s agricultural productivity?
Correct answer(s):
- Natural conditions interact with irrigation, capital, labor, and market access.
What geographic advantage does California have for many trans-Pacific shipping routes?
Correct answer(s):
- It is closer to many Asian routes than U.S. East Coast ports are.
Which combination most directly determines port supply-chain performance?
Correct answer(s):
- Port capacity, warehouses, rail links, and highway congestion
How can container imports entering California affect inland states?
Correct answer(s):
- Rail and trucking networks move goods to inland distribution and consumer markets.
How does the Los Angeles-Long Beach port complex serve the wider U.S. economy?
Correct answer(s):
- It serves supply chains reaching markets far beyond California.
Why can a state have very high GDP while many households still face affordability problems?
Correct answer(s):
- Total output does not describe income distribution or local living costs.
Why might analysts compare GDP per capita with personal income per capita?
Correct answer(s):
- They measure different aspects of production and income.
How should quarterly state GDP at a seasonally adjusted annual rate be handled?
Correct answer(s):
- Treat it as an annualized pace, not a value to sum directly across four quarters.