Syed Nazrul Islam (1925 – 3 November 1975) was a Bangladeshi politician and a senior leader of the Awami League. During the Bangladesh Liberation War, he was declared as the Vice President of Bangladesh by the Provisional Government. He served as the Acting President in the absence of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman.

Syed Nazrul Islam was born in 1925 at Jashodal Dampara in the Kishoreganj District. He entered the civil service of Pakistan in 1949 but resigned in 1951 to work as a professor of history at the Anandmohan College in Mymensingh, where he also practiced law. Syed Nazrul's political career began when he joined the Awami Muslim League and participated in the Language Movement in 1952, for which he was arrested by Pakistani police.

When Mujib banned other political parties and assumed sweeping powers as president in 1975, Syed was appointed vice Chairman of the BAKSAL (Bangladesh Krishak Sramik Awami League).