The Appalachian Mountains region is the most economically dependent on coal mining due to its rich coal reserves and historical mining activity.

In the United States, the area of the Appalachian Mountains, which includes West Virginia, Kentucky, and Pennsylvania, is the most economically reliant on coal mining. Due to its large supply of bituminous and anthracite coal, this region has long been a center for coal extraction. For many years, coal mining has shaped the local economy by providing a significant amount of income and jobs. Reduced demand, natural gas competition, and environmental concerns have all contributed to the industry's current downturn. Coal continues to play a vital role in the Appalachian economy despite these obstacles, especially in rural and mining-dependent towns.