Waterway transport is typically the most cost-effective option for moving bulk goods over long distances, especially when compared to rail and road transport.

For heavy, low-value bulk commodities like coal, grain, and petroleum, waterways offer significant cost savings due to their ability to carry large volumes of goods at once. This efficiency makes them cheaper than rail or road transport, which are more expensive due to higher fuel costs, labor, and infrastructure maintenance. While waterway transport can be slower, its affordability for bulk shipments makes it a preferred choice for many industries, helping reduce overall supply chain costs.