The Eastern cougar is endangered or extirpated in the Appalachian region.

The Eastern cougar, also known as the Eastern mountain lion, is considered extinct or endangered in the Appalachian region. Historically found in the Appalachians, its population dwindled due to habitat destruction, hunting, and human expansion. While there are occasional unconfirmed sightings, no verified breeding populations remain. In contrast, other species like the red fox and white-tailed deer are not endangered in the region. Conservation efforts focus on preserving wildlife habitats and preventing further loss of biodiversity.