The mountain range that runs parallel to the Basin and Range Province is Sierra Nevada.

The Sierra Nevada range, located primarily in eastern California and extending into Nevada, runs along the western edge of the Basin and Range Province. This towering mountain range serves as a natural boundary between the Basin and Range Province to the east and the Central Valley of California to the west. Its steep eastern front and dramatic elevation changes influence the climate of the Basin and Range by blocking moist air, creating a rain shadow effect that contributes to the arid conditions of the region. The Sierra Nevada is also known for its impressive granite peaks, including Mount Whitney, the tallest peak in the contiguous United States.