The American Civil War began in 1861, marking a pivotal moment in U.S. history.

The conflict arose primarily over issues such as states' rights and slavery, particularly following the secession of several Southern states from the Union. Tensions escalated after the election of Abraham Lincoln in 1860, who opposed the expansion of slavery. The war officially commenced with the Confederate attack on Fort Sumter in South Carolina on April 12, 1861. This conflict would last until 1865, profoundly shaping the nation’s future.