Hydraulic fracturing (fracking) is used to extract oil and natural gas from shale formations.

Hydraulic fracturing, commonly known as fracking, is the primary process used to extract oil and natural gas from shale formations. It involves injecting a high-pressure mixture of water, sand, and chemicals into the shale rock to create fractures, allowing oil and gas to flow to the surface. This technique has revolutionized the energy industry, particularly in the U.S., by unlocking vast reserves of oil and natural gas from previously inaccessible shale deposits. While fracking has significantly boosted domestic energy production, it has also raised environmental concerns, including water contamination and seismic activity, leading to ongoing debates about its safety and regulation.