The musical style closely associated with the Appalachians that is known for its banjo and fiddle sounds is Bluegrass.

Bluegrass music originated in the Appalachian region and draws heavily from the musical traditions of Scots-Irish immigrants. Characterized by its high-energy sound and virtuosic instrumental performances, bluegrass typically features instruments like the banjo, fiddle, mandolin, guitar, and upright bass. The genre often includes tight vocal harmonies and is influenced by folk, country, and jazz elements. Bluegrass has become a significant part of Appalachian culture, celebrated at festivals and gatherings, and continues to evolve while maintaining its traditional roots.