Climate change is the primary threat to the Great Basin's ecosystem.

Climate change poses significant challenges to the Great Basin, which is already a fragile ecosystem due to its arid conditions. Warmer temperatures and altered precipitation patterns can worsen water scarcity, leading to reduced vegetation growth, loss of wildlife habitats, and an increased risk of desertification. While overpopulation, desertification, and wildfires are also important concerns, the overarching impact of climate change is likely to exacerbate these problems, making it a more pressing threat to the region's ecosystem.