The primary geological feature of the Basin and Range Province is its distinctive mountain ranges.

Stretching across the western United States, the Basin and Range Province is defined by its alternating series of rugged mountain ranges and intervening basins. These mountain ranges, such as the Sierra Nevada and the Wasatch Range, run predominantly north-south and are the result of tectonic activity that has caused the Earth's crust to stretch and fracture. The valleys between these ranges are typically low-lying and often arid, contributing to the region's unique desert ecosystem. This dramatic contrast in elevation creates diverse habitats, attracting wildlife and outdoor enthusiasts for activities like hiking, rock climbing, and photography.