The primary characteristic of a polar climate zone is year-round snow and freezing temperatures, with long winters and short, cool summers.

Polar climate zones are characterized by persistently frigid temperatures year-round. Regions like the Arctic and Antarctic endure prolonged, severe winters, during which temperatures frequently remain below freezing and snow blankets the ground for much of the year. Summers are short and cool, with snowfall still possible in certain areas. This climate allows for only limited vegetation, consisting mainly of specially adapted plants, and supports wildlife that is uniquely equipped to thrive in cold environments.