The Interior Plains significantly contribute to North American biodiversity by providing a habitat for home to unique grassland species.

This region's vast prairies and open landscapes support numerous species adapted to grassland ecosystems, including bison, pronghorns, prairie dogs, and various bird species like meadowlarks and prairie chickens. Many grassland plants and insects also thrive here, contributing to a balanced ecosystem. Despite modern agricultural development, the Interior Plains remains a critical area for preserving grassland biodiversity, offering a natural habitat for species that are rarely found elsewhere on the continent, making it essential for ecological diversity in North America.