Gustavia is the main town and capital of the island of Saint Barthélemy.

Originally called Le Carénage, it was renamed in honor of King Gustav III of Sweden. Saint Barthélemy was first claimed by France in 1648. The island was given to Sweden in exchange for trade rights in Gothenburg in 1784 and Sweden founded the Swedish West India Company. Prospering during the Napoleonic Wars, assets were low thereafter, and the island was sold back to France in 1878. The eventual site of Gustavia was first called Le Carénage (The Careening) after the shelter it provided to damaged ships. According to the archives, the name Gustavia appeared between December 28, 1786, and February 9, 1787. Gustavia remains a reflection of the Swedish period, during which a minority of the population of approximately 4% were of Swedish origin. Three forts built in the mid-to-late 17th century protected the harbor: Oscar (formerly Gustav Adolf), Karl, and Gustav. The Saint-Bartholomew Anglican Church on the harbourfront was built in 1855.

Gustavia's sister city is Piteå, located in Norrbotten, Sweden.