One of the key environmental issues faced by the Appalachian Mountains is Deforestation and mountaintop removal.

Deforestation, particularly due to mountaintop removal mining, has significantly impacted the landscape and ecosystems of the Appalachian region. This method involves removing the tops of mountains to access coal seams, leading to habitat destruction, soil erosion, and water quality degradation in nearby streams and rivers. The loss of forests not only affects wildlife but also contributes to climate change by reducing the region's ability to sequester carbon. Efforts are ongoing to address these environmental challenges and promote sustainable practices in the Appalachian Mountains.