A major environmental concern in the Basin and Range Province is water scarcity.

The Basin and Range Province is characterized by its arid and semiarid climate, which results in limited water resources. As the population in this region grows, especially in urban areas, the demand for water increases, putting significant pressure on existing water supplies. Agricultural practices, which require substantial irrigation, further exacerbate the situation. Additionally, prolonged droughts and climate change are likely to intensify water scarcity issues. This situation affects not only agricultural productivity but also ecosystems and the overall quality of life for residents, making water scarcity a critical environmental challenge in the Basin and Range Province.