The initiative passed in 1965 that was designed to address poverty and economic underdevelopment in Appalachia is The Appalachian Regional Development Act.

This act established the Appalachian Regional Commission (ARC) and aimed to promote economic development, improve infrastructure, and enhance the quality of life for residents in the Appalachian region. By providing federal support and fostering collaboration among states, the initiative sought to reduce poverty and stimulate growth in an area that faced significant economic challenges. The ARC continues to play a vital role in addressing the needs of Appalachian communities today.