The Battle of Antietam revealed weaknesses in Confederate leadership.

Although General Robert E. Lee was a skilled commander, the battle exposed vulnerabilities in his strategy and decision-making, particularly in underestimating the Union forces and the impact of their defensive positions. Conversely, the Union leadership, under General George McClellan, demonstrated strengths in organization and logistics, managing to hold their ground despite heavy casualties. However, McClellan's cautious approach and missed opportunities highlighted areas for improvement. Overall, the battle illustrated that both sides had strengths and weaknesses, shaping future leadership dynamics.