The Interior Plains are important for the production of fossil fuels.

This region is rich in natural resources, particularly coal, oil, and natural gas, which have historically contributed significantly to the energy sector. The plains' geological formations are conducive to the accumulation of these fossil fuels, making them vital for energy production in both the United States and Canada. The extraction and processing of fossil fuels in the Interior Plains have played a crucial role in the economy, supporting jobs and contributing to energy independence. Additionally, the region has seen a growing interest in renewable energy sources like wind power.