The Great Basin's economy is mainly supported by agriculture and tourism due to the region's natural resources and scenic landscapes.

Agriculture, particularly irrigation-based farming, plays a significant role in the Great Basin's economy. Livestock farming and crop production, like alfalfa and hay, are common in the more arable parts of the region. Additionally, tourism is a key economic contributor, with visitors drawn to the unique landscapes, including national parks like the Great Basin National Park, recreational opportunities, and outdoor activities. While oil and gas extraction and fishing are present, they are not as central to the region's economy as agriculture and tourism.