The climate of the Basin and Range Province is generally arid to semi-arid.

This region experiences low annual precipitation, leading to dry conditions that characterize much of its landscape. The combination of high elevations in the mountain ranges and lower elevations in the valleys contributes to significant temperature variations, with hot summers and cold winters. The arid climate supports a unique ecosystem adapted to these conditions, including drought-resistant plants and animals. The limited moisture availability also influences the presence of features like intermittent lakes and salt flats within the valleys, further shaping the distinctive geography of the Basin and Range Province.