One of the major environmental challenges in the Basin and Range Province is Water scarcity.

Water scarcity is a significant environmental challenge in the Basin and Range Province due to its arid climate and limited water resources. The region receives low annual rainfall, leading to a reliance on snowmelt and groundwater for agricultural, industrial, and domestic uses. Increasing demands for water from growing populations, agriculture, and industry exacerbate the scarcity issue, resulting in competition for limited resources. Additionally, prolonged droughts, climate change, and overextraction of groundwater further strain water supplies. This challenge impacts ecosystems, agricultural practices, and overall quality of life for residents in the Basin and Range Province.