Latitude has the strongest impact on temperature range because it influences how much direct sunlight an area receives throughout the year.

A place receives more direct sunlight the closer it is to the equator (low latitude), which results in warmer temperatures and less seasonal variation. In contrast, areas close to the poles (high latitude) receive less direct sunshine, which causes lower temperatures and more pronounced seasonal temperature fluctuations. Latitude is the main determinant of how much a region's summer and winter temperatures can fluctuate, however, other elements like height, flora, and ocean currents all have an impact on climate.