Elevation in the U.S. Southwest often creates rain shadows, reducing precipitation on the leeward side of mountains.

In the U.S. Southwest, elevation contributes to the formation of rain shadows, which are dry areas on the leeward (downwind) side of mountain ranges. As moist air rises over mountains, it cools, condenses, and precipitates on the windward side. When the air descends on the leeward side, it becomes warmer and drier, leading to reduced rainfall and arid conditions. This phenomenon significantly influences the Southwest’s landscape, creating desert areas such as the Mojave and Sonoran Deserts. Rain shadows are crucial in shaping the region's climate, vegetation, and water availability.