The outcome of the Battle of Antietam primarily Shifted to defensive strategies for the Confederacy.

After suffering significant casualties and failing to achieve a decisive victory, General Robert E. Lee’s army retreated to Virginia. This marked a strategic turning point; the Confederacy shifted from offensive operations aimed at invading the North to a more defensive posture, focusing on protecting its territory. The battle also dampened hopes for foreign recognition and support, as the Confederates could no longer claim momentum. Consequently, they aimed to fortify their positions and prepare for further engagements rather than pursuing aggressive campaigns.