The geography of Fort Sumter affected the battle because It was difficult to supply.

The geography of Fort Sumter had a profound effect on the battle, particularly regarding supply challenges. Situated on an island in Charleston Harbor, the fort was both isolated and difficult to reach, especially as tensions rose. Confederate forces successfully obstructed supply lines, including the Charleston and Savannah Railroad, which hindered Union troops from obtaining essential reinforcements and supplies. This geographic seclusion severely limited the fort's capacity to maintain its defense during the bombardment. The dependence on restricted supply routes ultimately undermined the Union's position and led to the fort's eventual surrender, highlighting the significant influence of geography on the battle's outcome.