After the Battle of Antietam, Confederate leaders faced criticism for strategy, particularly regarding General Robert E. Lee's decisions.

Although Lee's army managed to retreat successfully into Virginia, the battle's outcome was viewed as a strategic setback for the Confederacy, failing to achieve their goal of a decisive victory on Northern soil. This criticism stemmed from the high casualties suffered and the inability to capitalize on the moment to advance further into Union territory. Despite these challenges, Lee retained the confidence of his troops and continued to lead, but the battle marked a turning point in the war's dynamics.