The period immediately following the Civil War, from 1865 to 1877, is known as Reconstruction.

This era aimed to rebuild the United States, particularly the Southern states, and to integrate formerly enslaved individuals into society. Reconstruction involved significant political, social, and economic changes, including the passage of the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments, which abolished slavery and granted citizenship and voting rights to African Americans. However, the period was marked by intense political conflict, and resistance from Southern whites, and ultimately led to the establishment of Jim Crow laws as federal protections waned.