In Kali Linux (and most Unix-like operating systems), the file that contains the encrypted passwords of users is: /etc/shadow

Here's an explanation of the files mentioned:

• /etc/passwd: Contains basic information about user accounts, but not the actual encrypted passwords.
• /etc/group: Contains information about groups on the system.
• /etc/shadow: This file contains the encrypted passwords of users and additional password-related information such as password expiration dates and account lockout details.