A major concern related to coal mining in the U.S. is water pollution from runoff.

Water pollution from runoff is a major environmental concern related to coal mining in the U.S., especially from practices like mountaintop removal mining. When coal is extracted, it often leaves behind contaminants such as heavy metals, sulfur, and sediment, which can leach into nearby water sources through runoff. This contamination can harm aquatic ecosystems, pollute drinking water, and affect agriculture. Additionally, water used in the mining process can become polluted with harmful chemicals, posing a threat to both the environment and human health. Efforts to reduce water pollution from coal mining include stricter regulations and improved water management practices.