The largest environmental concern related to coal burning for electricity generation is carbon dioxide emissions.

The primary environmental concern associated with coal burning for electricity generation is the release of carbon dioxide (CO₂), a major greenhouse gas that contributes to global warming and climate change. Coal combustion produces more CO₂ per unit of energy than other fossil fuels like natural gas or oil, making it a significant contributor to the rise in atmospheric CO₂ levels. In addition to CO₂, coal burning releases other pollutants such as sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and particulate matter, which can harm air quality and human health. Addressing CO₂ emissions from coal is a key focus in efforts to mitigate climate change.