Permafrost is soil or rock that remains frozen year-round, typically found in polar and high-altitude regions.

A layer of rock, soil, or silt that stays frozen for two years or longer is known as permafrost. High-altitude and polar regions, including the Arctic and portions of Canada, Alaska, and Siberia, are where it is most frequently found. Because permafrost is frozen, it keeps the earth from thawing, which restricts the kinds of flora that can grow and impacts plant growth. Greenhouse gasses may be released when permafrost thaws, which could have an effect on the environment. In freezing areas, permafrost is essential for preserving ecological stability and affecting the global climate system.