A polar climate is defined by extremely cold temperatures year-round, with long winters and brief, cool summers.

In regions with a polar climate, temperatures remain consistently low throughout the year. Winters are long and harsh, often lasting for many months, while summers are short and cool, with temperatures rarely rising above freezing. These regions, such as the Arctic and Antarctic, experience minimal sunlight during winter and extended daylight in summer. Precipitation is typically low, mainly in the form of snow, and vegetation is sparse. Polar climates support unique ecosystems, adapted to survive in these extreme cold conditions.