Lake Erie has the highest levels of invasive plant growth among the Great Lakes due to phosphorus pollution, which fuels excessive algae and plant expansion.

Because of phosphorus pollution, Lake Erie is especially susceptible to the growth of invasive plants. This lake is particularly vulnerable to nitrogen excess since it is shallow and warmer than the other Great Lakes. Stormwater, wastewater discharge, and agricultural runoff all contribute phosphorus to the lake, which promotes the fast growth of invasive aquatic plants and algae. These invasive species upset the ecosystem's natural equilibrium by outcompeting native plants. Phosphorus-driven algal blooms further reduce oxygen levels and endanger fish and other species. Maintaining Lake Erie's ecological health, biodiversity, and water quality requires controlling phosphorus pollution.