The animal that is a keystone species in the Basin and Range ecosystems is the Prairie dog.

Prairie dogs are considered a keystone species in the Basin and Range ecosystems due to their significant environmental impact. Their burrowing activities create complex underground tunnel systems that improve soil aeration and water infiltration. These burrows also provide habitat and shelter for various other species, including burrowing owls, snakes, and various insects. Additionally, prairie dogs are a vital food source for predators like coyotes and hawks, thereby playing a crucial role in maintaining the ecological balance. Their presence and activities help sustain the overall health and biodiversity of the Basin and Range ecosystems.