The industry that significantly influenced the economy of the Basin and Range Province in the 20th century was Mining.

Mining continued to play a crucial role in the Basin and Range Province's economy throughout the 20th century, building on the mining boom that began in the late 19th century. The extraction of various minerals, including silver, gold, copper, and more recently, lithium, has driven economic growth in the region. Mining operations have provided jobs, attracted investments, and stimulated infrastructure development. The Basin and Range's geological characteristics make it rich in mineral resources, leading to ongoing exploration and extraction activities that contribute significantly to local economies and the broader economic landscape of the western United States.