The primary economic activity in rural areas of the Basin and Range is agriculture.

Despite the arid conditions typical of the Basin and Range Province, agriculture plays a significant role in the rural economy. Farmers in these areas have adapted to the challenging environment by cultivating drought-resistant crops and engaging in practices like irrigation to maximize water use. Common crops include alfalfa, barley, and various vegetables. Livestock ranching is also prevalent, with ranchers raising cattle and sheep in the expansive rangelands. While mining and tourism contribute to the economy, agriculture remains a vital source of livelihood for many residents in the rural communities of the Basin and Range.