The main economic activity in the Interior Plains is Agriculture.

The Interior Plains boast fertile soil and a favorable climate, making it one of the most productive agricultural regions in North America. Crops such as wheat, corn, soybeans, and barley are widely cultivated, and the area is also known for livestock farming, particularly cattle and hog production. The abundance of flat, gently rolling terrain facilitates large-scale farming operations, contributing significantly to the economy of the region. Agriculture remains the backbone of the Interior Plains, supporting local communities and contributing to the national food supply.