Strip mining caused significant environmental concerns in the Appalachian region in the 20th century.

This method of coal extraction involves removing large areas of soil and rock to access coal seams close to the surface, leading to deforestation, soil erosion, and water pollution. The environmental impact has been profound, affecting local ecosystems, water quality in rivers and streams, and the health of nearby communities. Advocacy and environmental groups have raised awareness about these issues, leading to increased regulation and efforts to mitigate the environmental damage caused by strip mining practices in Appalachia.