Coal mining, once a dominant industry in the Appalachian Mountains, saw a significant decline in the 20th century.

The Appalachian region, particularly in states like West Virginia and Kentucky, was a major center for coal production, powering industries and homes across the United States. However, the industry began to decline due to factors such as the rise of alternative energy sources, automation, and stricter environmental regulations. This decline led to economic challenges for many communities that had long depended on coal mining for jobs and stability, significantly impacting the region's economy and way of life.